History

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An original Bulgarian technology for rose planting was gradually developed and adopted as a general practice in the past. It was called kesme. No other cultivation method has been able to preserve the character of the rose almost unchanged for over three centuries. This fact explains why there were no attempts at cultivating other rose varieties in the Rose Valley but the Bulgarian Rosa Damascena. The technology proved to be so good that rose bushes were even exported to the Russian and the Turkish empires of the time. Distilling equipments for rose oil were imported from Persia and Tunisia. Striving to obtain rose water of better quality the Bulgarian people came to employ double and then multiple distillation. This was an unique Bulgarian innovation in the technology of rose oil which made it essentially different from the original one. The multiple distillation technology was tested and adopted on the analogy of method of stilling rakia (a kind of Bulgarian brandy). The major types of oil-bearing roses used to be cultivated for the purposes of attar extraction: the pink and the white rose. Until 1970, the pink rose plantations brought almost 90 per cent of the total output. White roses were preferred for planting in higher altitudes. It is generally accepted that there are more than 5000 varieties of roses, yet only a few of them exhibit that market fragrance which is sought by perfumers. The Bulgarian oil-bearing rose has been cultivated in the Rose Valley for more than 300 years now.